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新型举国体制下国家实验室实质性建设刚刚起步，统筹机制、治理体系、评估机制、创新生态还不完善。文章通过回顾我国国家实验室发展历程与建设成效，结合欧美国家实验室成功建设经验，从政府、主体、评估、环境等四个维度提出建设建议：强化顶层设计，坚持分类建设和多元投入，建立权威高效的决策指挥和协调执行系统；优化治理模式，通过立法明确举办者、管理者的权利义务，赋予实验室充分自主权；完善评估机制，建立基于战略管理和大数据的评估监测系统；深化辐射带动，打造跨界科技创新联合体和高效科技创新生态，构筑国家实验室发展共同体。
Abstract：[Objective] National laboratories are the “strategic heavyweights” in the race to shape the future. Under the new national system, China has only recently begun the substantial development of its national laboratories, and the planning frameworks, governance models, evaluation mechanisms, and innovation ecosystems associated with them are still in the exploration phase. This paper reviews the 40-year evolution of Chinese national laboratories, examining their development, effectiveness, existing challenges, and current opportunities. Drawing on the successful practices of world-class national laboratories in Europe and the United States, it offers recommendations to support the advancement of Chinese national laboratories within the new national system and to accelerate the establishment of a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics. [Methods] This paper involves extensively reviewing the literature on the construction, management, and development of national laboratories at home and abroad, conducting interviews with staff and partners involved in the construction of national laboratories, and understanding the current status, problems, and trends of the construction and development of Chinese national laboratories. [Results] Through research, the paper proposes that under the new national system, it is necessary to leverage the synergistic advantages of the government's “visible hand” and the market's “invisible hand” to promote the construction of national laboratories. The current urgent need is for the following four aspects:(1) strengthening top-level design, establishing an authoritative decision-making command system and an efficient coordination execution system, classifying and promoting the construction of national laboratories, and providing an improved diversified-resource-investment mechanism;(2) optimizing governance models, clearly defining the rights and responsibilities of sponsors, managers, and legal entities of national laboratories through national legislation, breaking down barriers to talent mobility and resource sharing among different innovation entities, encouraging and supporting organized scientific research, end-to-end innovation, and large-scale collaborative problem-solving, and working to establish an “asymmetric” advantage in areas crucial to future competitiveness and urgent national needs;(3) improving the evaluation and diagnosis for national laboratories, leveraging the incentive role of evaluation, exploring the development of a long-term strategic diagnostic evaluation system for national laboratories, along with an artificial intelligence and big data-driven national laboratory monitoring system, and ensuring timely “calibration” of their goals and actions; and(4) deepening guidance and radiation, promoting collaborative innovation between national laboratories, research universities, research institutions, and leading technology companies, accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, and creating a community for the development of national laboratories. [Conclusions] Under the new national system, national laboratories must not only make “milestone” scientific and technological contributions in key areas of national economic and social development and national security but also conduct “ice-breaking” exploration and innovation in scientific and technological systems and mechanisms. Through coordinated planning, improved governance, optimized evaluation, and leading radiation measures, efforts will be made to mitigate the drawbacks of traditional-national-platform innovation resources being scattered, closed, and inefficient, continuously enhance the innovative leadership, resource convergence, and development support of national laboratories, form an innovation system and ecosystem centered on national laboratories, and make them the “flagship” of the national strategic scientific and technological forces and the “anchor” for maintaining national security.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.06.003
China Classification Code:G322
Citation Information:
[1]吴鹏,吴刚.新型举国体制下国家实验室建设路径研究[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(06):20-29.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.06.003.
Fund Information:
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2020SJA1355)