College of Coal Engineering,Shanxi Datong University;Cultivation Base of Shanxi Key Laboratory for Coal Mine Water Jet Technology and Equipment,Shanxi Datong University;
[Objective] The implementation of high-concentration cemented filling technology in coal mining has effectively addressed challenges related to coal extraction beneath buildings, railways, and water bodies. However, this approach faces economic and environmental limitations. The use of cement as the primary binding material in high-concentration filling contributes significantly to global CO_2 emissions, accounting for 7% of total emissions, and represents approximately 40% of the total filling cost. Therefore, replacing cement with a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly material carries significant value for mining operations. This study investigates the use of alkali-activated cementing materials as substitutes for cement in coal gangue filling. It focuses on developing a proportioning design for alkali-activated cemented gangue filling materials that balances multiple performance objectives by analyzing their composition and microstructure. [Methods] The research employs the RSM–BBD method for experimental design. Key performance indicators evaluated include the expansion degree, bleeding rate, and uniaxial compressive strength of the hardened filling material. The study explores the influence of slurry concentration(A), cementing material dosage(B), and gangue gradation(C) on material performance. Optimal slurry proportions are determined, and the microstructure of the hardened slurry is analyzed using SEM-EDS. [Results] The results demonstrated the following:(1) The regression model established with the RSM–BBD method can accurately predict relationships among influencing factors and filling material performance, achieving model accuracy greater than 95%. Optimal filling material proportions were found to be a slurry concentration of 76%–78%, an alkali-activated cementing agent dosage of 15%–18%, and gangue crushing particle size of 2–3 mm.(2) The bleeding rate and expansion degree decrease as the values of A and B increase, while compressive strength rises. Conversely, the bleeding rate increases with higher values of C, while the expansion degree and compressive strength first increase and then decrease with higher C. The interaction of A and C, along with B and C, significantly affects 7-day strength,while the interaction between B and C significantly influences 28-day strength. The interaction of each factor has no significant effect on the bleeding rate.(3) The main hydration product in the slurry is C–S–H gel, a critical binding phase that forms a dense network structure by integrating other hydration products and fine particles. Over time, with higher cementing material dosages, the amount of C–S–H gel increases, pore structures are divided and refined, and the material's density and strength subsequently rise. [Conclusions] The alkali-activated cemented gangue filling material prepared by replacing cement with alkali-activated cementing materials demonstrates high strength, excellent fluidity, and a low bleeding rate, meeting filling requirements while reducing both CO_2 emissions and material costs. This approach offers significant benefits for advancing coal mine filling techniques and supports the development of green mines.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.04.015
China Classification Code:TD823.7
Citation Information:
[1]晋俊宇,靳旭锋,乔方等.基于RSM-BBD法碱激发胶结剂煤矸石充填材料的配比及其微观结构研究[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(04):117-126.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.04.015.
Fund Information:
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2023L282); 山西省2024高校实践创新项目(2024SJ380); 大同市科技计划项目(2024013,2024002)