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[Significance] Grouting technology plays a crucial role in the construction of underground water-sealed caverns, particularly in the context of national strategic oil and gas reserves, because it can substantially improve the antiseepage performance of the surrounding rock. The extremely high requirements for impermeability and water inflow control in such storage systems pose major challenges, especially under complex geological conditions characterized by variable lithology, diverse groundwater chemistry, and uncertain seepage paths. Traditional grouting methods often struggle to ensure long-term sealing performance under these conditions. In response, recent research has increasingly focused on enhancing material adaptability, understanding grout-diffusion mechanisms, developing intelligent evaluation methods, and conducting multiphysics coupling simulations, thereby promoting technological innovation and improving engineering reliability. Therefore, the latest research achievements must be systematically summarized and analyzed to provide a scientific basis and technical reference for the safe operation of underground water-sealed caverns and for advancing water-sealing technology in geotechnical engineering. [Progress] Substantial progress has been made in grouting technology for underground water-sealed caverns, including numerical simulation, material development, field application, and stability assessment. In the field of grout diffusion and seepage behavior, multiphysics coupling models based on dual media(fractures and pores) have been developed, revealing the effects of fracture geometry parameters on grout migration and sealing performance. In terms of material innovation, high-performance groutsincluding ultrafine silica-based, cement-based, and magnetically responsive slurries-have been developed to enhance impermeability and durability in complex hydrogeological environments. Field tests and monitoring studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of grouting parameters on seepage control and groundwater chemistry, improving the adaptability of grouting techniques to practical engineering conditions. In terms of structural stability, integrated approaches combining numerical simulation and reliability analysis have been adopted to assess cavern safety in various geological scenarios. Furthermore, the application of environmentally friendly technologies, such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation, offers a novel and sustainable solution for long-term grout sealing. These research outcomes provide a solid theoretical and technical foundation for improving the antiseepage capabilities and operational reliability of underground water-sealed caverns, thereby supporting the intelligent and sustainable development of geotechnical engineering. [Conclusions and Prospects] Deepening research into grouting technology for underground water-sealed caverns has substantially contributed to improvements in parameter design, material performance, and long-term sealing effectiveness. Analyses suggest that precise grouting control should be achieved by integrating geological and hydrogeological conditions with numerical simulations and structural evaluations. A comparative assessment of commonly used grouting materials-including cement-based, composite, epoxy resin, and biomineralization options-demonstrated their respective advantages and limitations under varying environmental conditions. A “model-validation–optimization” loop was devised to enhance the evaluation of grouting effectiveness, supported by the application of intelligent algorithms for predicting long-term performance. Although a relatively complete technical framework has been established, challenges remain in understanding the diffusion and curing mechanisms of grouting under extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high permeability, and considerable depth. Future research should aim to build a dynamic feedback system that links laboratory research with field applications, incorporating smart materials, three-dimensional monitoring, and adaptive modeling to advance the intelligent, standardized, and durable development of grouting technology in complex geotechnical environments.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.01.003
China Classification Code:TE972.2
Citation Information:
[1]FAN Mingming,XU Dong,HE Chenhui ,et al.Analysis and development trends of grouting technology for underground water-sealed caverns[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2026,43(01):18-26.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.01.003.
Fund Information:
国家自然科学基金(42207231); 四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1189); 中国石油管道局科研项目(2024-28)