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[Objective] Based on the ongoing global energy crisis and sustainable development goals, synthesizing highly efficient and stable composite photoanodes to achieve the efficient conversion of solar energy into green energy, such as H2, is essential in the photoelectrochemical(PEC) field. In this study, we design a comprehensive experiment centered on a composite photoanode—B:CoOx/BiVO4—for PEC water oxidation, grounded on the concept of integrating science and education as well as cutting-edge research findings of faculty members. Implementing such an experiment for undergraduate students not only helps bridge the gap between textbook knowledge and the related frontier of scientific research but also demonstrates the practical necessity for fostering high-level, energetic students equipped with innovative and creative capabilities. [Methods] Electrochemical deposition and solution impregnation were employed to fabricate an oxygen vacancy-rich B:CoOx/BiVO4 composite photoanode on an FTO substrate. By leveraging a large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform from the state key laboratory of organic–inorganic composites, including scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition, and oxygen vacancy of B:CoOx/BiVO4 were characterized, and the corresponding images and data were analyzed in detail. Further, the water oxidation performance of B:CoOx/BiVO4, including photocurrent density, stability, solar energy conversion efficiency, and charge separation/transfer efficiencies, was thoroughly investigated using linear sweep voltammetry, current–time curves, Mott–Schottky plot, polarization and surface charge transfer curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the mechanism by which the oxygen vacancy-rich B:CoOx cocatalyst promotes the water oxidation performance of BiVO4 was explored. [Results] As revealed by the aforementioned characterizations, the oxygen vacancy-rich B:CoOx cocatalyst was successfully grown on the BiVO4 photoanode surface. Microscopic characterizations and electrochemical measurements manifest that the oxygen vacancy-rich B:CoOx cocatalyst decoration promotes photo-induced charge separation, provides rich surface catalytically active sites, accelerates charge transfer, and reduces the energy barrier for the water oxidation reaction, thereby boosting BiVO4's PEC activity. The optimized B:CoOx/BiVO4 composite photoanode exhibited an excellent PEC water oxidation performance, yielding a high photocurrent density of 3.20 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, and excellent stability for 5 h. Upon intermittent illumination for 180 min, the accumulation contents of O2 and H2 over the B:CoOx/BiVO4 photoanode and Pt cathode reached 104.5 and 53.4 µmol cm-2, respectively. [Conclusions] The comprehensive experiment conducted in this study is to develop a highly active oxygen vacancy-rich B:CoOx/BiVO4 composite photoanode via electrochemical deposition and solution impregnation. It was designed as a leading-edge scientific endeavor, integrating B:CoOx/BiVO4 synthesis, structural characterizations, electrochemical properties, PEC water oxidation assays, experimental data and result analysis, and possible reasons for the performance enhancement of the as-fabricated composite photoanode. This comprehensive experimental training helps students to understand the preparation and optimization of photoanodes and the PEC water oxidation theory, thereby cultivating comprehensive experimental skills, scientific exploration, and innovation consciousness.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.03.022
China Classification Code:O646-4;G642.423
Citation Information:
[1]TAO Xia,MA Kairui,KANG Zihu ,et al.Comprehensive experimental design of a photoelectrochemical water oxidation composite photoanode B:CoO_x/BiVO_4[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2026,43(03):169-175.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.03.022.
Fund Information:
国家自然科学基金项目(22176011); 有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室仪器设备创新研究项目(oic-202503001)
2026-03-30
2026-03-30
2026-03-30